In addition to the NASA missions that perfected the technologies required for the Apollo lunar program, the Gemini spacecraft was considered for many other missions. Some of these involved a few upgrades, while others proposed highly modified variants of the basic Gemini capsule and adaptor. Most of these proposals never got past the study phase, but a few got to the mock-up stage or even the beginning of fabrication of flight hardware (e.g., MOL). The objective of this paper is to take a fresh look at the little-known Gemini applications, who sponsored them, and how they related to other contemporary space projects.
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